ought

¹

[awt]

auxiliary verb

1. (used to express duty or moral obligation).

   Every citizen ought to help.

2. (used to express justice, moral rightness, or the like).

   He ought to be punished. You ought to be ashamed.

3. (used to express propriety, appropriateness, etc.).

   You ought to be home early. We ought to bring her some flowers.

4. (used to express probability or natural consequence).

   That ought to be our train now.

noun

1. duty or obligation.

ought

²

[awt]

noun

1. aught.

ought

¹

/ ɔːt /

verb

1. to indicate duty or obligation

   you ought to pay your dues

2. to express prudent expediency

   you ought to be more careful with your money

3. (usually with reference to future time) to express probability or expectation

   you ought to finish this work by Friday

4. to express a desire or wish on the part of the speaker

   you ought to come next week

ought

²

/ ɔːt /

pronoun

1. a variant spelling of aught 1

ought

³

/ ɔːt /

noun

1. a less common word for nought

Usage

In correct English, ought is not used with did or had. I ought not to do it, not I didn't ought to do it ; I ought not to have done it, not I hadn't ought to have done it

Ought1 forms its negative in a number of ways. Ought not occurs in all types of speech and writing and is fully standard: The conferees ought not to waste time on protocol. Oughtn't, largely a spoken form, is found mainly in the Midland and Southern dialects of the United States, where it is almost the universal form. Hadn't ought is a common spoken form in the Northern dialect area. It is sometimes condemned in usage guides and is uncommon in educated speech except of the most informal variety. Didn't ought and shouldn't ought are considered nonstandard. Both positive and negative forms of ought are almost always followed by the infinitive form: We ought to go now. You ought not to worry about it. Occasionally, to is omitted after the negative construction: Congress ought not adjourn without considering this bill.

Word History and Origins

Origin of ought¹

First recorded before 900; Middle English ought, aught, Old English āhte, past tense of āgan “to owe ”

Word History and Origins

Origin of ought¹

Old English āhte, past tense of āgan to _owe ; related to Gothic aihta

Origin of ought²

C19: mistaken division of a nought as an ought; see _nought

Synonym Study

See must ¹.

Example Sentences

Edward Brown KC said: "Her rights were clearly affected, and she ought to have been heard in the application."

From BBC

“One ought to be extremely disturbed by this thoroughly authoritarian administration,” said Levinson, who has taught constitutional law for 45 years.

From Salon

The group, formed by former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy of Bakersfield and run by former California GOP chair Jessica Millan Patterson, said Democrats had called for transparency and ought to provide it too.

From Los Angeles Times

But as federal cuts to social services for low-income families, including Head Start, continue, any potential loss creates a sense of panic among child care advocates who say California ought to be shoring up revenue options right now — not reducing them.

From Los Angeles Times

“Liberals believe in compassion toward others-they believe that subjective claims about pain ought to be taken seriously and endorse broad-minded approaches to relief,” Princeton University historian Keith Wailoo explained in a 2014 interview with The American Prospect.

From Salon

Related Words

• accountability 
• agreement 
• bond 
• burden 
• commitment 
• constraint 
• contract 
• debt 
• duty 
• liability 
• necessity 
• need 
• promise 
• requirement 
• right 
• trust 
• understanding